介绍
本文主要介绍模板在Heat中的使用，以及Heat常用的命令使用。
Heat 模板举例介绍
前面一篇文档已经介绍过了，模板的格式包括版本（必填）、参数（可选）、资源（必填）、输出（可选）四个部分。
模板带参数，创建时手动指定参数
- 模板文件
# 模板版本配置
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: A Simple Server
# 参数部分
parameters:
image_id:
type: string
description: Image ID of Name
network_id:
type: string
description: private network ID of Name
flavor_id:
type: string
description: ID or Name for flavor
# 资源部分
resources:
# server 资源
server:
# 使用了OS关于Nova部分的资源
type: OS::Nova::Server
properties:
block_device_mapping:
- device_name: vda
delete_on_termination: true
volume_id: { get_resource: volume }
# 这里使用了内建函数get_param
flavor: { get_param: flavor_id }
networks:
- network: { get_param: network_id }
# cinder 块存储卷资源
volume:
type: OS::Cinder::Volume
properties:
image: { get_param: image_id }
size: 1
# 输出部分
outputs:
server_networks:
description: The network of the deployed server
# 使用内建函数get_attr获取resources中的server与networks信息
value: { get_attr: [server, networks] }
- 创建Stack
# heat stack-create -f cirros_os_new.yaml -P image_id=625d4f2c-cf67-4af3-afb6-c7220f766947 -P network_id=45b855c7-34df-4002-aabf-c1e80ff352ed -P flavor_id=1 heat_cirros_example
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
| id | stack_name | stack_status | creation_time |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
| 4a7b21b2-17ec-4de1-b4f7-d2ff01eda698 | heat_cirros_example | CREATE_IN_PROGRESS | 2016-11-09T08:55:09Z |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
- 创建完成，查看创建结果
# heat stack-list
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
| id | stack_name | stack_status | creation_time |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
| 4a7b21b2-17ec-4de1-b4f7-d2ff01eda698 | heat_cirros_example | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2016-11-09T08:55:09Z |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------+----------------------+
- 查看nova云主机信息
# nova list
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 65d6422e-b54e-4ec1-9ea2-aa61ae443fe0 | heat_cirros_example-server-y57it2rxrbgy | ACTIVE | - | Running | fabian-priv=5.5.5.189 |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
- 查看heat stack output 信息
# heat output-list 4a7b21b2-17ec-4de1-b4f7-d2ff01eda698
+-----------------+------------------------------------+
| output_key | description |
+-----------------+------------------------------------+
| server_networks | The network of the deployed server |
+-----------------+------------------------------------+
# heat output-show 4a7b21b2-17ec-4de1-b4f7-d2ff01eda698 server_networks
{
"fabian-priv": [
"5.5.5.189"
]
}
- 查看stack事件信息
# heat event-list 4a7b21b2-17ec-4de1-b4f7-d2ff01eda698
+---------------+--------------------------------------+------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
| resource_name | id | resource_status_reason | resource_status | event_time |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
| server | 3be05029-3a2b-4215-af7e-015efb1f8f7b | state changed | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2016-11-09T08:55:39Z |
| server | 36c620e6-f10f-4cc8-a737-c3374b1188bd | state changed | CREATE_IN_PROGRESS | 2016-11-09T08:55:21Z |
| volume | 00ef4f9b-71ae-4c06-886a-6042e69721d0 | state changed | CREATE_COMPLETE | 2016-11-09T08:55:21Z |
| volume | 66089573-c867-4cd5-8b59-0d49edb5e177 | state changed | CREATE_IN_PROGRESS | 2016-11-09T08:55:09Z |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
查看事件详细信息
# heat event-show 4a7b21b2-17ec-4de1-b4f7-d2ff01eda698 server 3be05029-3a2b-4215-af7e-015efb1f8f7b
- horizon 上查看stack信息
查看stack详细信息
模板没有参数，没有输出，启动时绑定floating ip，设置windows 密码
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: windows server boot bind floating ip and config password
resources:
server:
type: OS::Nova::Server
properties:
block_device_mapping:
- device_name: vda
delete_on_termination: true
volume_id: { get_resource: volume }
flavor: m1.small
# 这里使用了metadata为windows配置注入密码参数
metadata: { "admin_pass": "eayun@2015" }
networks:
- port: { get_resource: port }
port:
# 这里使用了Port资源
type: OS::Neutron::Port
properties:
# 租户网络的网络id
network: 556ebd8d-72ea-482f-897b-8354e2635a59
floating_ip:
type: OS::Neutron::FloatingIP
properties:
# 外部网络的网络id
floating_network: f64f4451-7441-4a81-8cac-a4c4acd4cc40
# 这里使用了floatingip 映射的绑定
floating_ip_assoc:
type: OS::Neutron::FloatingIPAssociation
properties:
floatingip_id: { get_resource: floating_ip }
port_id: { get_resource: port }
volume:
type: OS::Cinder::Volume
properties:
image: '26f31f40-05cb-431b-bacf-63b9caed9623'
size: 20
Stack创建完成后，通过nova list可以看到虚拟机已经进行了floating ip绑定,同时使用传递的密码能够正常登录进入windows系统
模板创建网络与路由并绑定外网网关
heat_template_version: 2013-05-23
description: HOT template for two interconnected VMs with floating ips.
parameters:
public_net:
type: string
description: public network id
# 指定了default的外部网络，网络id
default: f64f4451-7441-4a81-8cac-a4c4acd4cc40
resources:
private_net:
# 调用Neutron的net资源
type: OS::Neutron::Net
properties:
# 定义租户网络名称
name: private-net
private_subnet:
type: OS::Neutron::Subnet
properties:
network_id: { get_resource: private_net }
# 定义租户网络的子网掩码
cidr: 8.8.8.0/24
gateway_ip: 8.8.8.1
router1:
type: OS::Neutron::Router
properties:
external_gateway_info:
network: { get_param: public_net }
router1_interface:
# 调用Neutron路由资源进行路由连接配置
type: OS::Neutron::RouterInterface
properties:
router_id: { get_resource: router1 }
subnet_id: { get_resource: private_subnet }
Stack创建完成后，通过查看发现，已经创建了租户网络与路由，并且租户网络与路由都已经连接
模板带userdata脚本
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
parameters:
key_name:
type: string
description: instance key name
default: fabian
flavor:
type: string
default: m1.small
image:
type: string
default: c4cc706b-4bc0-4c6e-a603-a1bf634b13d1
resources:
server:
type: OS::Nova::Server
properties:
block_device_mapping:
- device_name: vda
delete_on_termination: true
volume_id: { get_resource: volume }
flavor: { get_param: flavor }
key_name: { get_param: key_name }
networks:
- port: { get_resource: port }
# 这里使用了user_data，当系统启动完成后会进行脚本运行
user_data_format: RAW
user_data: |
#!/bin/bash
echo "Running boot script"
echo "Hello test fabian" > /tmp/fabian.txt
yum install httpd -y
echo "Hello Fabian Web" > /var/www/html/index.html
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl start httpd
port:
type: OS::Neutron::Port
properties:
network: 556ebd8d-72ea-482f-897b-8354e2635a59
floating_ip:
type: OS::Neutron::FloatingIP
properties:
floating_network: f64f4451-7441-4a81-8cac-a4c4acd4cc40
floating_ip_assoc:
type: OS::Neutron::FloatingIPAssociation
properties:
floatingip_id: { get_resource: floating_ip }
port_id: { get_resource: port }
volume:
type: OS::Cinder::Volume
properties:
image: { get_param: image }
size: 20
模板自动实现Linux下负载均衡
- AutoScaling介绍
Autoscaling 是 Heat 的另外一大特性，它通过ceilometer监控伸缩组(scaling group)的虚拟机的负载，当虚拟机的负载超过阈值时，ceilometer 发送告警给 heat，heat 收到告警后，根据伸缩策略(scaling policy)增加虚拟机，并将虚拟机加入到 load balancer 的 backends 中；反之，当虚拟机的负载很低时，heat 收到告警后删除虚拟机。
Resource的依赖关系如下:
- 模板文件lb_env.yaml
# 这个文件主要记录一些环境配置信息
parameters:
image: c4cc706b-4bc0-4c6e-a603-a1bf634b13d1
key_name: fabian
flavor: m1.small
network: 45b855c7-34df-4002-aabf-c1e80ff352ed
subnet_id: ad212162-ffa1-4ea3-8dfc-f0ecf2603202
external_network_id: f64f4451-7441-4a81-8cac-a4c4acd4cc40
- 模板文件withlb.yaml
# 主要用来实现AutoScaling
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: AutoScaling With Alarm Example
parameters:
image:
type: string
description: Image used for servers
key_name:
type: string
description: SSH key to connect to the servers
flavor:
type: string
description: flavor used by the web servers
network:
type: string
description: network to use
subnet_id:
type: string
description: subnet on which the load balancer will be located(UUID)
external_network_id:
type: string
description: UUID of a Neutron external network
resources:
server_group:
# 定义了AutoScalingGroup，最大3台最小1台instance
type: OS::Heat::AutoScalingGroup
properties:
min_size: 1
max_size: 3
resource:
type: lb_server.yaml
properties:
flavor: {get_param: flavor}
image: {get_param: image}
key_name: {get_param: key_name}
pool_id: {get_resource: pool}
network: {get_param: network}
metadata: {"metering.stack": {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}}
user_data:
str_replace:
template: |
#!/bin/bash -v
yum -y install httpd
systemctl restart sshd
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
echo "$HOSTNAME" > /var/www/html/index.html
echo "$stack_id" >> /var/www/html/index.html
params:
$stack_id: {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}
# 这里定义了一个up的策略，后面会进行调用
scaleup_policy:
type: OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy
properties:
adjustment_type: change_in_capacity
auto_scaling_group_id: {get_resource: server_group}
cooldown: 60
scaling_adjustment: 1
# 这里定义了一个down的策略，后面会调用
scaledown_policy:
type: OS::Heat::ScalingPolicy
properties:
adjustment_type: change_in_capacity
auto_scaling_group_id: {get_resource: server_group}
cooldown: 60
scaling_adjustment: -1
cpu_alarm_high:
type: OS::Ceilometer::Alarm
properties:
description: Scale-up if the average CPU > 50% for 1 minute
meter_name: cpu_util
statistic: avg
# 采集数据周期的时间跨度
period: 60
# 采集跨度的次数
evaluation_periods: 1
# 这里是判断的阀值
threshold: 50
# 这里在使用ceilometer进行cpu_util平均值进行检测,后做的一个警告动作，调用了scaleup_policy策略
alarm_actions:
- {get_attr: [scaleup_policy, alarm_url]}
matching_metadata: {'metadata.user_metadata.stack': {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}}
comparison_operator: gt
cpu_alarm_low:
type: OS::Ceilometer::Alarm
properties:
description: Scale-down if the average CPU < 15% for 1 minute
meter_name: cpu_util
statistic: avg
period: 60
evaluation_periods: 1
threshold: 15
alarm_actions:
- {get_attr: [scaledown_policy, alarm_url]}
matching_metadata: {'metadata.user_metadata.stack': {get_param: "OS::stack_id"}}
comparison_operator: lt
# 定义了一个监控，用于检测各节点健康
monitor:
type: OS::Neutron::HealthMonitor
properties:
type: TCP
delay: 5
max_retries: 5
timeout: 5
pool:
type: OS::Neutron::Pool
properties:
protocol: HTTP
monitors: [{get_resource: monitor}]
subnet_id: {get_param: subnet_id}
lb_method: ROUND_ROBIN
vip:
protocol_port: 80
lb:
type: OS::Neutron::LoadBalancer
properties:
protocol_port: 80
pool_id: {get_resource: pool}
lb_floating:
type: "OS::Neutron::FloatingIP"
properties:
floating_network_id: {get_param: external_network_id}
port_id: {get_attr: [pool, vip, port_id]}
outputs:
scale_up_url:
description: >
This URL is the webhook to scale up the autoscaling group. You
can invoke the scale-up operation by doing an HTTP POST to this
URL; no body nor extra headers are needed.
value: {get_attr: [scaleup_policy, alarm_url]}
scale_dn_url:
description: >
This URL is the webhook to scale down the autoscaling group.
You can invoke the scale-down operation by doing an HTTP POST to
this URL; no body nor extra headers are needed.
value: {get_attr: [scaledown_policy, alarm_url]}
ceilometer_query:
value:
str_replace:
template: >
ceilometer statistics -m cpu_util
-q metadata.user_metadata.stack=stackval -p 600 -a avg
params:
stackval: { get_param: "OS::stack_id" }
description: >
This is a Ceilometer query for statistics on the cpu_util meter
Samples about OS::Nova::Server instances in this stack. The -q
parameter selects Samples according to the subject's metadata.
When a VM's metadata includes an item of the form metering.X=Y,
the corresponding Ceilometer resource has a metadata item of the
form user_metadata.X=Y and samples about resources so tagged can
be queried with a Ceilometer query term of the form
metadata.user_metadata.X=Y. In this case the nested stacks give
their VMs metadata that is passed as a nested stack parameter,
and this stack passes a metadata of the form metering.stack=Y,
where Y is this stack's ID.
website_url:
value:
str_replace:
template: http://host/
params:
host: { get_attr: [lb_floating, floating_ip_address] }
description: >
This URL is the "external" URL that can be used to access the
website.
- 模板文件lb_server.yaml
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: A load-balancer server
parameters:
image:
type: string
description: Image used for servers
key_name:
type: string
description: SSH key to connect to the servers
flavor:
type: string
description: flavor used by the servers
pool_id:
type: string
description: Pool to contact
user_data:
type: string
description: Server user_data
metadata:
type: json
network:
type: string
description: network to use
resources:
server:
type: OS::Nova::Server
properties:
flavor: {get_param: flavor}
image: {get_param: image}
key_name: {get_param: key_name}
metadata: {get_param: metadata}
networks: [{"network": {get_param: network}}]
user_data: {get_param: user_data}
user_data_format: RAW
member:
type: OS::Neutron::PoolMember
properties:
pool_id: {get_param: pool_id}
address: {get_attr: [server, first_address]}
protocol_port: 80
- 运行Stack创建
heat stack-create -f withlb.yaml -e lb_env.yaml www
- Stack 检测
1、检测Stack创建是否成功
2、检测nova instance是否创建成功
3、检测ceilometer 关于alarm创建是否成功
4、检测lb创建是否成功
5、测试web访问
- 自动伸缩弹性测试
1、虚拟机加压，实现自动新增云主机
cat /dev/urandom > /dev/null &
2、测试web访问发现访问了不同instance的网站
3、关闭原虚拟机加压的命令
4、测试发现instance实现自动关闭一台云主机
参考地址:
自动伸缩wiki: https://oa.eayun.cn/wiki/doku.php?id=eayunstack:heat:autoscaling
Heat 模板编辑参考:http://docs.openstack.org/developer/heat/template_guide/composition.html
Heat 自动伸缩官方介绍:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Heat/AutoScaling